Probing the morphology of the low state gamma-ray emission of M87 with H.E.S.S.
C. Arcaro,
d.N. Mathieu on behalf of the H.E.S.S. collaboration,
On behalf of the Hess Collaboration,
F. Aharonian,
F. Ait-Benkhali,
A. Alkan, J. Aschersleben, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, A. Baktash, V. Barbosa Martins*, A. Barnacka, J. Barnard, R.W. Batzofin, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, D. Berge, K. Bernloehr, B. Bi, M. Boettcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, M. Bony (de), J. Borowska, M. Bouyahiaoui, F. Bradascio, M. Breuhaus, R. Brose, A. Brown, F. Brun, B. Bruno, T. Bulik, C. Burger-Scheidlin, T. Bylund, F. Cangemi, S. Caroff, S. Casanova, R. Cecil, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, P. Chambéry, T.B. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J.O. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, T. Collins, G. Cotter, P. Cristofari, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, I.D. Davids, J. Davies, L. de Jonge, J. Devin, A. Djannati-Ataï, J.I. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, V. Doroshenko, L. Dreyer, L. Du Plessis, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, J.P. Ernenwein, S. Fegan, K. Feijen, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, G. Fontaine, L. Frans, M. Fuessling, S. Funk, S. Gabici, Y. Gallant, S. Ghafourizadeh, G. Giavitto, L. Giunti, D. Glawion, J.F. Glicenstein, J. Glombitza, P. Goswami, G. Grolleron, M.H. Grondin, L. Haerer, S. Hattingh, M. Haupt, G. Hermann, J. Hinton, W. Hofmann, T. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, Z.Q. Huang, A. Jaitly, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, I. Jung-Richardt, E. Kasai, K. Katarzynski, H. Katjaita, D. Khangulyan, R. Khatoon, B. Khelifi, S. Klepser, W. Kluzniak, N. Komin, R. Konno, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, A. Kundu, G. Lamanna, R.G. Lang, S. Le Stum, V. Lefranc, F. Leitl, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, A. Luashvili, I. Lypova, J. Mackey, D. Malyshev, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, A. Marcowith, P.D. Marinos, G. Marti'i-Devesa, R. Marx, G. Maurin, A. Mehta, P. Meintjes, M. Meyer, A. Mitchell, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, C. Moore, E. Moulin, T. Murach, K. Nakashima, M. Naurois (de), H. Ndiyavala, J. Niemiec, A. Noel, P. O'Brien, S. Ohm, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. Ona-Wilhelmi (de), M. Ostrowski, E. Oukacha, S. Panny, M. Panter, D. Parsons, U. Pensec, G. Peron, S. Pita, V. Poireau, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, G. Puehlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, M. Regeard, P. Reichherzer, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, I. Reis, Q. Remy, H.X. Ren, M. Renaud, B. Reville, F. Rieger, G. Roellinghoff, E. Rol, G.P. Rowell, B. Rudak, H. Rueda Ricarte, E. Ruiz Velasco, K. Sabri, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, J. Schaefer, F. Schüssler, H. Schutte, M. Senniappan, J.N.S. Shapopi, S. Shilunga, K. Shiningayamwe, H. Sol, H. Spackman, A. Specovius, S. Spencer, L. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, S. Steinmassl, C. Steppa, K. Streil, I. Sushch, H. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Tavernier, A. Taylor, R. Terrier, A. Thakur, H. Thiersen, C. Thorpe-Morgan, M. Tluczykont, M. Tsirou, N. Tsuji, R. Tuffs, Y. Uchiyama, M. Ullmo, T. Unbehaun, P. van der Merwe, C. van Eldik, B. van Soelen, G. Vasileiadis, M. Vecchi, J. Veh, C. Venter, J. Vink, H. Voelk, N. Vogel, T. Wach, S. Wagner, F. Werner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, Y.W. Wong, H.M. Yassin, M. Zacharias, D. Zargaryan, A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, S. Zhu, A. Zmija, S. Zouari and N. Żywuckaet al. (click to show)*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
August 17, 2023
Published on:
September 27, 2024
Abstract
This work aims to study the very-high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV - 100 TeV) gamma-ray emission from M87, especially its low state emission, and probe a potential hadronic emission component in the inner Virgo Cluster. Probing a steady and extended gamma ray signal around M87 allows us to investigate the AGN feedback as a heating mechanism in the Virgo Cluster. We used High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations of M87 from 2004 to 2021 to study the source. We utilized the Bayesian block technique to identify M87 emission states and isolate its low state. We fitted the morphology of the 120 h low state data and found no significant gamma-ray extension. We derived an upper limit on the extension that for the first time excludes the radio lobes (≈30 kpc) as the main component of the VHE gamma-ray emission from the low state of M87. The VHE gamma-ray emission from the distinct source states of M87 are compatible with each other and with the radio core of M87. Based on two different models we constrained the maximum cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio and the total energy in CRp in the inner 20 kpc of the Virgo Cluster [1].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0696
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