Measurement of the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Presented by
E.W. Mayotte* on behalf of
on behalf of the Pierre Auger Collaboration,
A. Abdul Halim,
P. Abreu,
M. Aglietta,
I. Allekotte,
K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, R. Aloisio, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ammerman Yebra, G.A. Anastasi, L.A. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, E. Arnone, J.C. Arteaga Velazquez, H.G. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, E. Avocone, A.M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, A. Bartz Mocellin, J.A. Bellido, C. Berat, M.E. Bertaina, G. Bhatta, M. Bianciotto, P.L. Biermann, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, J. Blümer, M. Bohacova, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, J. Brack, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, F.L. Briechle, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, A. Bwembya, K.S. Caballero-Mora, S. Cabana-Freire, L. Caccianiga, I. Caracas, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, A. Cermenati, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R.W. Clay, A. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, M. Conte, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, P.J. Costa, C. Covault, M. Cristinziani, C.S. Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, J. de Jesus, S.J. de Jong, J. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, O. Deligny, N. Denner, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, M. Dobre, C. Dobrigkeit, J.C. D'Olivo, L.M. Domingues Mendes, J. dos Anjos, R.C. dos Anjos, J. Ebr, F.H. Ellwanger, M. Emam, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, A. Etchegoyen, C. Evoli, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G.R. Farrar, A. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, A. Fernandes, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filipcic, T. Fitoussi, B. Flaggs, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, C. Gaudu, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P.L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, J.P. Gongora, J.M. Gonzalez, N.M. Gonzalez, I. Goos, D. Gora, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T.D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. Guedes, E. Guido, S.T. Hahn, P. Hamal, M.R. Hampel, P.M. Hansen, D. Harari, V.M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, C. Hojvat, J. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovsky, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P.G. Isar, P. Janecek, J.A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K.H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V.V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. Klages, M. Kleifges, F. Knapp, N. Kunka, B.L. Lago, N. Langner, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, Y. Lema-Capeans, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J.P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, M. Majercakova, D. Mandat, B.C. Manning, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, F.M. Mariani, A. Mariazzi, I.C. Maris, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, O. Martínez Bravo, M.A. Martins, M. Mastrodicasa, H.J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, S. Mayotte, P. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Meinert, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, C. Merx, S. Michal, M.I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, C. Morello, A.L. Müller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M.S. Muzio, W.M. Namasaka, S. Negi, L. Nellen, K. Nguyen, G. Nicora, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotný, L. Nozka, A. Nucita, L.A. Nunez, C. Oliveira, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, S. Panja, G. Parente, T. Paulsen, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, L.A. Pereira, E.E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shahvar, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, E. Rodriguez, J.R. Rodriguez Rojo, M.J. Roncoroni, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. Rovero, P. Ruehl, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H.I. Salazar, G. Salina, J. Sanabria Gomez, F.A. Sánchez, E.M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, P. Savina, C.M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schröder, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, S.U. Shivashankara, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, F. Simon, R. Smau, R. Smida, P. Sommers, J.F. Soriano, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, S. Strähnz, M. Straub, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Suomijarvi, A.D. Supanitsky, Z. Svozilikova, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C.J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M.J. Tueros, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J.F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberic, C. Ventura, I.D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vícha, J. Vink, J. Vlastimil, S. Vorobiov, C.K.O. Watanabe, A. Watson, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, B. Yue, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik and M. Zavrtaniket al. (click to show)*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
August 15, 2023
Published on:
September 27, 2024
Abstract
After nearly 20 years of data-taking, the measurements made with the Pierre Auger Observatory represent the largest collection of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) data so far assembled from a single instrument. Exploring this data set led to a deeper understanding of the UHECR flux and many surprises. In particular, studies aiming to investigate and leverage the mass composition of UHECRs have played an important role in empowering discovery. This contribution will present an overview of the analyses of primary mass composition carried out during the first phase of the Observatory. The overview includes analyses derived from measurements made by the surface, fluorescence, and radio detectors covering energies ranging from 0.1 EeV up to 100 EeV. Special attention will be given to recent advances and results to provide a complete picture of UHECR mass composition at the Observatory as it moves to its next phase, AugerPrime. Additionally, specific updates will be given to studies focusing on mass trends from surface detector rise-times, $𝑋_{\rm max}{}$dependent anisotropies, and UHECR beam characterization using the correlation between $𝑋_{\rm max}{}$and signal amplitudes at the ground.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0365
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