Simulation of radio signals from cosmic-ray cascades in air and ice as observed by in-ice Askaryan radio detectors
U. Abdul Latif, S. De Kockere, K. de Vries*, D. Van den Broeck, S. Buitink, T. Huege and N. van Eijndhoven
Pre-published on:
August 29, 2023
Published on:
September 27, 2024
Abstract
To detect the cosmic neutrino flux at the highest energies, Askaryan and radar radio detectors are being deployed in the polar regions. The in-ice Askaryan detectors use the radio detection technique to cover multi-gigaton detection volumes to probe neutrino interactions in the polar ice, whereas the in-ice radar technique aims to illuminate a large block of ice with a powerful radio transmitter to reflect radiowaves off particle cascades. It is shown that the neutrino signal is almost perfectly mimicked by cosmic-ray particle cascades moving from air to ice. As such, cosmic-ray showers can serve as essential calibration sources for in-ice radio detectors. However, if not well understood, radio emissions from cosmic ray showers pose an essential background signal in the neutrino search. We present a simulation framework to model the radio emissions from cosmic-ray showers by combining the in-air and in-ice radio emission frameworks to fully characterize the cosmic-ray radio signal as observed by the in-ice antennas.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0346
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