The last two decades witness the discovery of tens of hadronic structures beyond the expectations of the traditional quark model. They are candidates of exotic hadrons. Many of these structures are close to the thresholds of a pair of hadrons, and thus allow for a treatment using effective field theories at the hadronic level. In this talk, I will give an overview of the understanding of such resonances from an effective field theory pespective, covering positive-parity heavy meson, hidden-charm and double-charm near-threshold hadrons.