Design of an Efficient, High-Throughput Photomultiplier Tube Testing Facility for the IceCube Upgrade
L. Halve*
on behalf of the IceCube Collaboration,
R. Abbasi,
M. Ackermann,
J. Adams,
J. Aguilar,
M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C.M. Alispach, A.A. Alves Junior, N.M.B. Amin, R. An, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Arguelles, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A.M. Barbano, S.W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R.C. Bay, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D.Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, M. Boddenberg, F. Bontempo, J. Borowka, S. Boser, O. Botner, J. Boettcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, S.A. Browne, A. Burgman, R.T. Burley, R. Busse, M. Campana, E. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. Collin, J.M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D.F. Cowen, R. Cross, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. De With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J.C. Diaz-Velez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P.A. Evenson, A.R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D.B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Furst, T.K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glusenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, S. Griswold, M. Gunduz, C. Günther, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A.A. Harnisch, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, E.C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G.C. Hill, K. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hunnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J.L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K.i. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Kopke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D.J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, E. Kun, N.K. Neilson, N.N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. Lanfranchi, M.J. Larson, F.H. Lauber, J. Lazar, J. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczynska, Y. Li, M. Lincetto, Q. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C.J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W.Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I.C. Maris, R.H. Maruyama, K. Mase, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J.V. Mead, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S.A. Meighen-Berger, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L.V. Nguyen, H. Niederhausen, M. Nisa, S. Nowicki, D. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O'Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. Pankova, N. Park, G. Parker, E.N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Perez de los Heros, L. Peters, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, M. Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P.B. Price, B. Pries, G. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I.C. Rea, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, R. Reimann, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. Roberts, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, S. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M.K. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. Schröder, L.J. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, T. Sturwald, T. Stuttard, G.W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. Turley, J.P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. Unland Elorrieta, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, T. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, M. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C.H. Wiebusch, D. Williams, M. Wolf, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. Xu, Y. Xu, J.P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang and J. Werthebachet al. (click to show)*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
July 05, 2021
Published on:
March 18, 2022
Abstract
The IceCube Upgrade is an extension of the IceCube detector at the geographic South Pole. It
consists of seven new strings with novel instrumentation. More than 430 multi-PMT optical
modules called "mDOMs", housing 24 3-inch PMTs each, will be produced for the Upgrade.
This will require testing and pre-calibration on a short timescale of more than 10,000 PMTs
prior to assembly and deployment. We present the design of a PMT testing facility that enables
simultaneous testing of roughly 100 PMTs per day at temperatures down to -20°C. The design is
implemented at RWTH Aachen University and TU Dortmund University in parallel to achieve a
throughput of up to 1,000 PMTs per week. This will enable a steady supply of tested PMTs to the
production sites, which is critical for the Upgrade, as well as the future IceCube-Gen2 project.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1056
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