The $q\bar q c\bar c$ and $q\bar q s\bar s$ $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ systems are investigated by a simplified quark cluster model, where the two-meson interaction is assumed to come solely from the quark degrees of freedom. In each of the systems, one or more poles have been found. The $q\bar q c\bar c$ system seems to have a pole around the threshold with a small width. The $q\bar q s\bar s$ system has poles with rather large width. We argue that they can be seeds of the observed exotic meson candidates like $Y(4260)$ or $\phi(2170)$.