PoS - Proceedings of Science
Volume 444 - 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023) - Solar & Heliospheric Physics (SH)
The 3D numerical modelling of the temporal modulation of galactic protons as per PAMELA and AMS02 observations with changing solar activity
D. Ndiitwani*, O. Aslam, M.D. Ngobeni, M.S. Potgieter and I.I. Ramokgaba
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: July 29, 2023
Published on: September 27, 2024
Abstract
The interest in the study of the global features of the modulation of galactic cosmic rays has
increased since the observation of the 2009 solar minimum when the Sun and consequently the
heliosphere was very quiet. Since then, the changing of solar activity through the period of
maximum activity has kept it a subject of interest. Encouraging this interest is the high precision
observations by the PAMELA and AMS02 space missions. These exceptional measurements
provide an opportunity for enhanced numerical modelling of the modulation of protons over a wide
range of rigidity at the Earth. A well-established three-dimensional drift model is used to compute
proton spectra from 2009 until 2019 that are compatible with the mentioned observations. The
main objective is to study how proton spectra quantitatively changes over time as solar activity
changes for one minimum to the next. Simulated spectra are shown together with the required
modulation parameters, and as such indicative of how the different modulation processes influence
the time evolution of cosmic ray protons over time.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444.1318
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